The narrowing of the gap over the long term is attributable in large part to gains women have made in each of these dimensions. Much of the gender pay gap has been explained by measurable factors such as educational attainment, occupational segregation and work experience. In 2021, full-time, year-round working women earned 84% of what their male counterparts earned, on average, according to the Census Bureau’s most recent analysis. Census Bureau has also analyzed the gender pay gap, though its analysis looks only at full-time workers (as opposed to full- and part-time workers). Here are the questions used in this analysis, along with responses, and its methodology. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. Everyone who took part is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses.

The survey was conducted among 5,098 adults and includes a subset of questions asked only for 2,048 adults who are employed part time or full time, from Oct. In addition to findings about the gender wage gap, this analysis includes information from a Pew Research Center survey about the perceived reasons for the pay gap, as well as the pressures and career goals of U.S. It is possible that some measures of economic outcomes and how they vary across demographic groups are affected by these changes in data collection. government in its surveys, especially in 20, limiting in-person data collection and affecting response rates. The COVID-19 outbreak affected data collection efforts by the U.S. To understand how we calculate the gender pay gap, read our 2013 post, “How Pew Research Center measured the gender pay gap.” Pew Research Center’s estimate of the pay gap is based on an analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) monthly outgoing rotation group files ( IPUMS) from January 1982 to December 2022, combined to create annual files. The gender pay gap measures the difference in median hourly earnings between men and women who work full or part time in the United States. And the 8-cent gap among workers ages 25 to 34 in 2022 was down from a 26-cent gap four decades earlier. The estimated 18-cent gender pay gap among all workers in 2022 was down from 35 cents in 1982. While the gender pay gap has not changed much in the last two decades, it has narrowed considerably when looking at the longer term, both among all workers ages 16 and older and among those ages 25 to 34. By comparison, the gender pay gap among workers of all ages that year was 18 cents. In 2022, women ages 25 to 34 earned an average of 92 cents for every dollar earned by a man in the same age group – an 8-cent gap.

These results are similar to where the pay gap stood in 2002, when women earned 80% as much as men.Īs has long been the case, the wage gap is smaller for workers ages 25 to 34 than for all workers 16 and older.

In 2022, women earned an average of 82% of what men earned, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of median hourly earnings of both full- and part-time workers. The gender gap in pay has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 20 years or so.

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